Scientific articles

1. Berg, K., Selbo, P.K, Prasmickaite, L., Tjelle, T.E., Kjølsrud, S., Rodal, G.H., Anholt, H., Sandvig, K., Moan, J., Gaudernack, G., Fodstad, Ø., Rodal, S.K. and Høgset, A. (1999). Photochemical internalisation.  A novel technology for site-specific delivery of macromolecules into cytosol.
Cancer Res. 59, 1180-1183.
2. Høgset, A., Prasmickaite, L., Tjelle, T.E. and Berg, K. (2000). Photochemical transfection, a new technology for light-induced, site-directed gene delivery. 
Hum. Gene Ther. 11, 869-880.
3. Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A., Tjelle, T.E., Olsen, V.M. and Berg, K. (2000). The role of endosomes in gene transfection mediated by photochemical internalisation.
J. Gene Med. 2, 477-488.
4. Selbo, P.K., Sandvig, K., Kiveliene, V. and Berg, K. (2000). Release of gelonin from endosomes and lysosomes to cytosol by photochemical internalisation.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1475, 307-313.
5. Selbo, P.K., Sivam, G., Fodstad, Ø., Sandvig, K. and Berg K. (2000). Photochemical internalisation: A novel approach to improve the treatment of cancer by increasing the cytotoxic effect of the immunotoxin MOC31-gelonin.
Int. J. Cancer 87, 853-859.
6. Selbo, P.K., Sivam, G., Fodstad, Ø., Sandvig, K. and Berg, K. (2001). In vivo documentation of photochemical internalisation, a novel approach to site specific cancer therapy.
Int. J. Cancer, 92, 761-766.
7. Berg, K., Selbo, P.K., Prasmickaite, L., Olsen, V.M. and Høgset, A. (2001). Photochemical Internalisation.  A novel technology for improving macromolecule-based therapy.
Photodynamics News, 4, 2-5.
8. Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A. and Berg, K (2001). Evaluation of different photosensitizers for use in photochemical gene transfection.
Photochem. Photobiol. 73, 388-395.
9. Selbo, P.K., Kaalhus, O., Sivam. G. and Berg, K. (2001). 5-aminolevulinic acid based photochemical internalisation of the immunotoxin MOC31-gelonin generates synergistic effects in vitro.
 Photochem. Photobiol. 74, 303-310.
10. Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A., Selbo, P.K., Engesæter, B.Ø., Hellum, M. and Berg, K. (2002). Photochemical disruption of endocytic vesicles before delivery of drugs: a new strategy for cancer therapy.
 Brit. J. Cancer 86, 652-657.
11. Høgset, A., Engesæter, B.Ø., Prasmickaite, L., Berg, K., Fodstad, Ø. and Mælandsmo, G..M. (2002). Light-induced adenovirus gene transfer, a site-specific gene delivery technology for cancer gene therapy. 
Cancer Gene Ther. 9, 365-371.
12. Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A. and Berg, K. (2002). The role of cell cycle on the efficiency of photochemical gene transfection.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1570, 210-218.
13. Selbo, P.K., Høgset, A., Prasmickaite, L. and Berg, K. (2002). Photochemical Internalisation (PCI) - a novel drug delivery system.
Tumor Biol., 23, 103-112.
14. Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A. and Berg, K. (2002). Photochemical transfection: Light-induced, site-directed gene delivery.
In Methods in Molecular Medicine, Vol. 69, Gene Therapy Protocols, 2nd Ed. (Morgan, J.R., ed.). Humana Press Inc.,Totowa.  Pp. 123-135.
15. Høgset, A., Prasmickaite, L., Engesæter, B.Ø., Hellum, M., Selbo, P.K., Olsen, V.M., Mælandsmo, G.M. and Berg, K. (2003). Light directed gene transfer by photochemical internalisation.
Curr. Gene Ther. 3, 89-112.
16. Hellum, M., Høgset, A., Engesæter, B.Ø., Prasmickaite, L., Stokke, T., Wheeler, C.J. and Berg, K. (2003). Photochemically enhanced gene delivery with cationic lipid/DNA complexes - time course of intracellular events during transfection.
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2, 407-411.
17. Berg, K., Prasmickaite, L., Selbo, P.K., Hellum, M., Bonsted, A. and Høgset, A. (2003.) Photochemical internalisation (PCI) - a novel technology for release of macromolecules from endocytic vesicles.
Oftalmologia 56, 67-71.
18. Høgset, A., Prasmickaite, L., Hellum, M., Engesæter, B.Ø., Olsen, V.M., Tjelle, T.E., Wheeler, C.J. and Berg, K. (2002). Photochemical transfection, a technology for efficient light directed gene delivery.
Somat. Cell Molec. Genet. 27, 97-113.
19. Folini, M., Berg, K., Millo, E., Villa, R., Pramsickaite, L., Daidone, M.G., Benatti, U. and Zaffaroni, N. (2003). Photochemical internalisation of a peptide nucleic acid targeting the catalytic subunit of human telomerase.
Cancer Res. 63, 3490-3494.
20. Dietze, A., Bonsted, A., Høgset, A. and Berg, K. (2003).  Photochemical internalisation (PCI) improves protein toxin and gene therapy in sarcoma cells.
Photochem. Photobiol. 78, 283-289.
21. Høgset, A., Prasmickaite, L., Hellum, M., Engesæter, B.Ø., Olsen, V.M., Tjelle, T.E., Wheeler, C.J. and Berg, K. (2003). Photochemical transfection, a technology for efficient light directed gene delivery.
In "Synthetic DNA Delivery Systems" (Saltzman, W.M. and Luo, D., eds.). Chapter 8, pp. 93-109. Landes Bioscience, Austin and Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
22. Bonsted, A., Engesæter, B.Ø., Høgset, A., Mælandsmo, G.M., Prasmickaite, L., Kaalhus, O. and Berg, K. (2004). Complexes of adenovirus with polycations increase the efficiency of photochemically mediated transduction.
Gene Ther. 11, 152-160.
23. Høgset, A., Prasmickaite, L., Selbo, P.K., Hellum, M., Engesæter, B.Ø., Bonsted, A. and Berg, K. (2004). Photochemical internalisation in drug and gene delivery.
Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56, 95-115.
24. Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A., Olsen, V.M., Kaalhus, O., Mikalsen, S.-O. and Berg, K. (2004). Photochemically enhanced gene transfection increases the cytotoxicity of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene combined with ganciclovir.
Cancer Gene Ther. 11, 514-523.
25. Ndoye, A., Merlin, J.L., Leroux, A., Dolivet, G., Erbacher, P., Behr, J.P., Berg, K. and Guillemin, F. (2004). Enhanced gene transfer and cell death following p53 gene transfer using Photochemical internalisation of glucosylated PEI-DNA complexes.
J. Gene Med. 6, 884-894.
26. Berg K., Selbo, P.K., Prasmickaite, L. and Høgset, A. (2004). Photochemical drug and gene delivery.
Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 6, 279-287.
27. Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A., Engesæter B.Ø., Bonsted, A. and Berg K. (2004). Light-directed gene delivery by photochemical internalisation.
Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 4, 1403-1412.
28. Kloeckner, J., Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A., Berg, K. and Wagner, E. (2004). Photochemically enhanced gene delivery of EGF receptor-targeted DNA polyplexes.
J. Drug Target. 12, 205-213.
29. Engesæter, B.Ø., Bonsted, A., Berg, K., Høgset, A., Engebråten, O., Fodstad, Ø., Curiel, D.T. and Mælandsmo, G.M. (2005).  PCI-enhanced adenoviral transduction employs the known uptake pathway of adenoviral particles.
 Cancer Gene Ther. 12, 439-448.
30. Ndoye, A., Bouali, S., Dolivet, G., Erbacher, P., Behr, J.P., Berg, K., Guillemin, F. and Merlin, J.L. (2004). Sustained transgene expression and cell death induction following wild type p53 gene transfer using photochemical internalisation in p53-mutated head and neck carcinoma cells.
 Int. J. Oncol. 25, 1575-1581.
31. Maurice-Duelli, A., Ndoye, A., Boual, S., Leroux, A. and Merlin, J.L. (2004). Enhanced cell growth inhibition following PTEN nonviral gene transfer using polyethylenimine and photochemical internalisation in endometrial cancer cells.
 Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 3, 459-465.
32. Berg, K., Selbo, P.K., Weyergang, A., Dietze, A., Prasmickaite, L., Bonsted, A., Engesæter, B.Ø., Angell-Petersen, E., Warloe, T., Frandsen, N. and Høgset, A. (2005). Porphyrin-related photosensitizers for cancer imaging and therapeutic applications.
 J. Microsc. 218, 133-147.
33. Bonsted, A., Høgset, A., Hoover, F. and Berg K. (2005). Photochemical enhancement of gene delivery to glioblastoma cells is dependent on the vector applied.
Anticancer Res. 25, 291-297.
34. Dietze, A., Peng, Q., Selbo, P.K., Kaalhus, O., Muller, C., Bown, S. and Berg, K. (2005). Enhanced photodynamic destruction of a transplantable fibrosarcoma using photochemical internalisation of gelonin.
Br. J. Cancer 92, 2004-2009.
35. Dietze, A., Engesæter, B.Ø. and Berg K. (2005). Transgene delivery and gelonin cytotoxicity enhanced by photochemical internalisation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 4, 341-347.
36. Nishiyama, N., Iriyama, A., Jang, W.D., Miyata, K., Itaka, K., Inoue, Y., Takahashi, H., Yanagi, Y., Tamaki, Y., Koyama, H., and Kataoka, K. (2005). Light-induced gene transfer from packaged DNA enveloped in a dendrimeric photosensitizer.
Nat. Mater. 4, 934-941.
37. Berg, K., Dietze, A., Kaalhus, O. and Høgset, A. (2005). Site-specific drug delivery by photochemical internalisation enhances the antitumor effect of bleomycin.
Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 8476-8485.
38. Bonsted, A., Engesæter, B.Ø., Høgset, A., Mælandsmo, G.M., Prasmickaite, L., D’Oliveira C., Hennink, W.E., van Steenis, J. H. and Berg, K. (2006). Photochemically enhanced transduction of polymer-complexed Adenovirus targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor.
J. Gene Med. 8, 286-297.
39. Dietze A., Selbo, P.K., Prasmickaite, L., Bonsted, A., Engesæter, B., Weyergang, A., Høgset, A. and Berg, K. (2006). Photochemical internalisation (PCI): A new modality for light activation of endocytosed  therapeuticals.
J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 25, 521-536.
40. Shiraishi, T. and Nielsen, P.E. (2006). Photochemically enhanced cellular delivery of cell penetrating peptide-PNA conjugates.
FEBS Lett. 580, 1451-1456.
41. Weyergang, A., Selbo, P.K. and Berg, K. (2006). Photochemically stimulated drug delivery increases the cytotoxicity and specificity of EGF-saporin.
J. Control. Release, 111,165-173.
42. Engesaeter, B.Ø., Tveito, S., Bonsted, A., Engebraaten, O., Berg, K. and Maelandsmo, G.M. (2006). Photochemical treatment with endosomally localized photosensitizers enhances the number of adenoviruses in the nucleus.
J. Gene Med. 8, 707-718.
43. Prasmickaite, L., Hellum, M., Kaalhus, O., Høgset, A., Wagner, E., and Berg, K. (2006). Photochemical Internalisation (PCI) of Transgenes Controlled by Heat-Shock Protein 70 Promoter.
Photochem. Photobiol., 82, 809-816.
44. Ndoye, A., Dolivet, G., Høgset, A., Leroux, A., Erbacher, P., Berg, K., Behr, J.-P., Guillemin, F. and Merlin, J.L. (2006). Eradication of p53-mutated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenografts using nonviral p53 gene therapy and photochemical internalisation (PCI).
Mol. Ther. 13, 1154-1162.
45. Bonsted, A., Engesæter, B.Ø., Høgset, A. and Berg, K. (2006). Photochemically enhanced adenoviral transduction in a multicellular environment.
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 5, 411-421.
46. Kloeckner, J., Boeckle, S., Persson, D., Roedl, W., Ogris, M., Berg,K. and  Wagner, E. (2006). DNA polyplexes based on the degradable oligoethyleneimine-derivatives: Combination with EGF receptor targeting and endosomal release functions.
J. Control. Release, 116, 115-122.
47. Prasmickaite, L., Cekaite, L., Hellum, M., Hovig, E., Høgset, A. and Berg, K. (2006). Transcriptome changes in a colon adenocarcinoma cell line in response to photochemical treatment as used in photochemical internalisation (PCI).
FEBS Lett. 580, 5739-5746.
48. Lou, P.-J., Lai P.-S., Shieh, M.-J., MacRobert, A.J., Berg, K. and Bown, S.G.. (2006). Reversal of doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells by photochemical internalisation.
Int. J. Cancer 119, 2692-2698.
49. Selbo,P.K., Weyergang, A., Bonsted, A. Bown, S.G. and Berg, K. (2006). Photochemical internalisation of therapeutic macromolecular agents: a novel strategy to kill multidrug resistant cancer cells. (2006).
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 319, 604-12.
50. Berg,K., Høgset,A., Prasmickaite,L., Weyergang,A., Bonsted ,A., Dietze,A., Lou , P-J., Bown , S.G., Norum , O.J., Møllergård , H.M.T., Selbo, P.K. (2006). Photochemical internalisation (PCI): A novel technology for activation of endocytosed  therapeutic agents.
Med. Laser Application 21, 239-250.
51. Bonsted, A., Høgset, A., Wagner, E. and Berg, K. (2007). Photochemical internalisation for light directed gene delivery. in DNA Delivery / Gene Transfer Manual (Friedmann, T. and Rossi, J., eds.).
Chapter 73. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, in press.
52. Berg, K., Folini, M., Prasmickaite, L., Selbo, P.K., Bonsted, A., Engesæter, B.Ø., Zaffaroni, N., Weyergang, A., Dietze , A., Mælandsmo, G.M., Wagner, E., Norum O.J. and Høgset A. (2006). Photochemical internalisation. A new tool for drug delivery.
Curr. Pharmacol. Biotech. 8, 362-372.
53. Engesæter, B.Ø, Bonsted, A., Lillehammer, T., Engebråten, O., Berg, K. and Mælandsmo, G.M. (2006). Photochemically mediated delivery of AdhCMV-TRAIL augments the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines.
Cancer Biology & Therapy 5, 1511-1520.
54. Shiraishi, T. and Nielsen, P.E. (2006). Enhanced delivery of cell-penetrating peptide-peptide nucleic acid conjugates by endosomal disruption.
Nat. Protoc. 1, 633-636.
55. Nishiyama, N., Arnida, Jang, W.D., Date, K., Miyata, K. and Kataoka, K. (2006). Photochemical enhancement of transgene expression by polymeric micelles incorporating plasmid DNA and dendrimer-based photosensitizer.
J. Drug Target. 14, 413-424.
56. Arnida, Nishiyama, N., Kanayama, N., Jang, W.D., Yamasaki, Y. and Kataoka, K. (2006). PEGylated gene nanocarriers based on block catiomers bearing ethylenediamine repeating units directed to remarkable enhancement of photochemical transfection.
J. Control. Release. 115, 208-215.
57. Bøe, S. and Hovig, E. Photochemically induced gene silencing using PNA-peptide conjugates. (2006).
Oligonucleotides 16, 145-157.
58. Oliveira, S., Fretz, M.M., Høgset, A., Storm, G. and Schiffelers, R.M. (2007). Photochemical internalisation enhances silencing of epidermal growth factor receptor through improved endosomal escape of siRNA.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1768, 1211-1217.
59. Russ, V. and Wagner, E. (2007). Cell and Tissue Targeting of Nucleic Acids for Cancer Gene Therapy.
Pharm. Res., in press.
60. Yip, W.L., Weyergang, A., Berg, K., Tønnesen, H.H. and Selbo, P.K. (2007). Targeted Delivery and Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Cetuximab-Saporin by Photochemical Internalisation in EGFR-Positive Cancer Cells.
Mol. Pharm. 4, 241-251.
61. Fretz, M.M., Høgset, A., Koning, G.A., Jiskoot, W. and Storm, G. (2007). Cytosolic delivery of liposomally targeted proteins induced by photochemical internalisation.
Pharm. Res. 24, 2040-2047.
62. Bøe, S., Longva, A. and Hovig, E.. (2007). Photochemically induced gene silencing using small interfering RNA molecules in combination with lipid carriers.
Oligonucleotides, 17, 166-173.
63.

Bonsted, A., Wagner, E., Prasmickaite, L., Høgset, A. and Berg, K. (2008) Photochemical enhancement of DNA delivery by EGF receptor targeted polyplexes.
Methods Mol. Biol. 434, 171-181.

64.

Lai, P.-S., Pai, C.-L., Peng, C.-L., Shieh, M.-J., Berg, K. and Lou, P.-J. (2008). Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Saporin by Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Conjugation and Photochemical Internalization.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part A. 87, 147-155.

65. Weyergang, A., Kaalhus, O., and Berg, K. (2008). Photodynamic therapy with an endocytically located photosensitizer cause a rapid activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 and c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase with opposing effects on cell survival.
Mol. Cancer Ther. 7, 1740-1750.
66. Weyergang, A., Kaalhus, O., and Berg, K. (2008). Photodynamic targeting of EGFR does not predict the treatement outcome in combination with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Tyrphostin AG1478.
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 7, 1032-1040.
67. Oliveira, S., Høgset, A., Storm, G. and Schiffelers, R. M. (2008). Delivery of siRNA to the Target Cell Cytoplasm: Photochemical Internalization Facilitates Endosomal Escape and Improves Silencing Efficiency, In Vitro and In Vivo.
Current Pharmaceutical Design 14, 3686-3697.
68. Norum, O.-J., Gaustad, J.-V., Angell-Petersen, E., Rofstad, E.K., Peng, Q., Giercksky, K.E., and Berg, K. (2009). Photochemical Internalization of Bleomycin is Superior to Photodynamic Therapy due to the Therapeutic Effect in the Tumor Periphery.
Photochem. Photobiol. 85, 740-749.
69. Weyergang, A., Berg, K., Kaalhus, O., Peng, Q. and Selbo, P.K. Photodynamic Therapy targets the mTOR signaling network in vitro and in vivo. Molecular Pharmaceutics, In press.